Theretrieval of plant leaf images has shown a crucial role in the smart agriculture. The accurate and high performance development of plant leaf image retrieval systems allows agricultural users to search relevant results. In this paper, we propose a new approach to improve the performance of the plant leaf image retrieval system via using Bregman distance function. Firstly, we apply various advanced feature extraction techniques to plant leaf images. Next, using the Bregman distance is proposed to retrieve the images with high performance. The experimental results demonstrate that combining feature extraction methods with the Bregman distance significantly enhances the performance of the image retrieval system. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed method on two public datasets of plant leaf images. The obtained accuracy for the retrieval of plant leaf images and the time complexity analysis have shown the effectiveness of our proposed method.